Author Archive
Exhibitionism is a Public Crime – but what does the word public mean?
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Everyone knows what exhibitionism is: it is the act of exposing oneself to someone who doesn’t want to be exposed to. Simple, right? Well, yes…and, no.
The law defines exhibitionism as a willful (that is, not accidental) act carried out with the intention of insulting and offending the victim, usually a female. Furthermore the act must be a public one. Displaying oneself in one’s own home does not qualify.
Fairly straightforward so far, but now it gets complicated.
What happens when, for example, a person exposes himself in his own home, but in such a way that the neighbours or passers-by can see? Does that make it a public act?
And what does the word public mean?
Legally, public is taken to mean more than one person. If, then, only one neighbour, or only one passer-by, views the offending organ through an open window, is that person the public? And can a male go around exposing himself as often as he likes, as long as he does it to no more than one person at a time?
Questions multiply and lead to a multitude of possibilities which in turn lead to a multitude of interpretations, so much so that, as we shall see, rulings on the matter are less than consistent. In other words, the word public is interpreted widely, allowing full play for judicial discretion and judicial bias.
Consider for example Rex v Black (State Reports, NSW, V.21, p.748): In 1921, a man living with his wife and four children had a disagreement with his wife. He then went into the bedroom and undressed, and came back naked into the living room where he exposed himself to his wife, a daughter aged twenty, and a son aged thirteen. He was convicted and sentenced to six months hard labour. A hefty sentence indeed.
On appeal, his counsel argued that the conviction could not be sustained because exposure can only be an offence if it occurs in a public place or a place open to public view. The learned judge, Justice Pring, after due and weighty pondering over this “repulsive and abominable” act, upheld the conviction.
Let’s now jump to R v Udod, 1951 – not such a large span of time in matters of law. Besides, the sex revolution was still more than a decade away, so morality and values had not yet changed to any substantial degree. Irrespective of that, precedents are still precedents; they are binding and must be adhered to.
R v Udod (State Reports, S.A. 1951, p.176) cites the case of a boarder, Gregor Udod, who occupied a room adjoining the kitchen in a dwelling house at Parkside. On the afternoon of 1st September, 1951, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, he came from his room to the kitchen dressed only in a singlet and underpants. The front of his underpants was open, and the accused’s naked person was exposed to the view of his landlady, her husband, her mother, and her daughter (aged five years) who were in the kitchen.
This, by any measure, is a worse offence than the earlier one, because it occurred in front of strangers, including a girl aged five. But the learned judge, Chief Justice Napier, ruled that the gist of the offence was “publicly exposing the person” and the house in this case being a private one, that element of “public-ness” was not fulfilled. He promptly discharged the accused.
Here we have two similar cases – the offence is the same and the setting, a private house, is also the same – yet the verdicts could not be more dissimilar.
Please note, we are not offering, in this article, a “correct” interpretation of the word public. We are merely pointing out that the laws relating to exhibitionism are ill-defined and the word public is so broad as to be virtually meaningless.
And we have not even touched on the other element of the crime: that exhibitionism is a willful act carried out with the intention of insulting and offending the victim. Another can of worms! which we will look at in a future article.
To conclude: laws relating to exhibitionism are vague and ill-defined. Times have changed and exhibitionism laws need a thorough overhaul, if they are to remain relevant in this day and age.
Andrew Toth is the author of ?The Exhibitionist?, an award winning and comprehensive book that examines all aspects of modern day exhibitionism ? from the law, to court procedure, to the different therapies available, to the psychology of the act and also to the different methodologies used by exhibitionists. click here for more details.
Contracts for Difference (cfds) Explained for Dummies
Posted by: | CommentsWhat is all this CFD HYPE: CFDs ExplainedContracts for Difference (CFDs) are contracts between a trader and a CFD provider, who will at the close of the contract, exchange the difference between the opening price and the closing price of the underlying index, share, commodity, per the number of specified CFD contracts.
A CFD differs from the traditional trading methods as it is not a purchase of the nominated investment, but trading on its speculated price movement. The main idea of CFDs is the ability to be able to trade higher volumes than traditional trading while using less initial capital.
The buyer of the contracts is required to pay commission to enter the contract, plus fixed interest on the remaining value of the borrowed amount, until they decide to end the contract, at which time they are paid the price difference. The buyer may opt on either side – high (buy) or the low (sell), which means that if the contract was a low trade the buyer could still turn a profit it that was the initial investment.
Advantages of CFDs versus traditional share buying
The key distinction between traditional share buying and CFD buying is that buying a CFD is done on leverage (typically between 5% to 35% for actively traded stocks), both shares and CFDs participate in all corporate actions, both buyers receive dividends but only the buyer of the share is able to vote and receive the franking credits. To select a great broker if you are trading in Asia, Australia, or UK vist and CFD FX REPORT look at choosing a broker or simply email as we have researched them all.
With CFDs one is not entitled to these rights, which enables CFD sellers to sell with ease. This makes CFDs an excellent trading product. The leverage and ability to short sell gives power and flexibility.
Unlike futures, CFDs do not have an expiry date, so one can hold on to them for as long as they desire. CFDs open up a whole new trading world, with the ability to trade shares, indices, foreign exchange, and commodities.
CFDs are the flexible new way to trade. One can trade Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX) listed shares but you have access to worldwide markets, such as the United States (DOW, NASDAQ, S&P), United Kingdom (FTSE), Japan (NEIKKI), Hong Kong (Hang Seng) and many other countries.
1) Leverage
If you do not have the money needed to trade shares directly on the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX) trading CFDs can offer you the exposure required to make a profit from small percentage moves on the underlying share price. The leverage level offered by the CFD provider magnifies the underlying movement of the stock. Most providers set differing leverage levels and you can find the best level that suits you trading style. Certain CFD providers offer, at a cost, a Guaranteed Stop Loss (GSL) that can effectively increase leverage levels further by capping the margin requirement held against you. 2) Controlled Risk
If you have ever traded, you know how important it is to use stop losses for capital preservation, especially when using a leveraged product.
Placing automated Stop Loss orders can exit you out of suggestions that go against you while you are busy in your day-to-day activities.
Example:
XYZ Ltd is currently trading at $9.95 bid and a $10.00 ask price. You want to buy 1000 shares of XYZ Ltd share CFDs at the offer price of $10.00, with your view that the stock will rise in price.
We are working on the leverage margin of 1:10. Therefore every dollar of capital you invest the CFD provider will provide you with $10 of leverage.
CFD Trading Traditional Shares
Buy Price $10.00 Buy Price $10.00
Initial Margin (10%) $1,000 Initial Outlay $10,000
Brokerage $17 Brokerage $30
GST 5% $0 GST $1.50
Total Outlay $1,017 Total Outlay $10,031.50
The difference in funds required between the CFD provider and the traditional way of trading is $9,014.50.
Closing the trade
CFD Trading Traditional Shares
Sell Price $10.25 Sell Price $10.25
Gross Profit $250 Gross Profit $250
Brokerage $34 Brokerage $60
GST 5% $0 GST $3
Finance Charge $1.45 Finance Charge $0
Net profit/loss $218.55 Net profit/loss $187
In this example the trade was positive for the trader.
If the stock had of fallen by $0.25, you would have realized a gross loss of $250 with both the CFD provider and the traditional broker.
The net loss would have been $285.45 with the CFD provider and $313 with the traditional broker.
CFD FX REPORT is a real time tool for clients with an interest in the trading of stocks, indices and commodities globally.CFDs (Contracts For Differences) are one of the worlds’ fastest growing trading instruments that allows clients to profit from a rising and falling market. The CFD FX Report is a company comprising of expert traders that analyse the market daily and are able to make recommendations for the following day trades based on this analysis. The CFD FX Report is released everyday at 6.30 p.m. (Singapore time) for review by the clients for the next trading day.
We provide sms
Characteristics of Small Business Definition
Posted by: | CommentsA literature review of 23 papers, which have been published from 1958 to 2002, revealed an inconsistency regarding both characterization and definition of small business. The variety of definition used in these papers unable to set an agreeable format for small business definition. The current article objective is to suggest some guidelines that can help reduce the level of ambiguity. The method to reach that objective is through the analysis of five significant parameters that have been used by different scholars to define small business. Each of these parameters is being characterized and analyze in order to clarify the existing status and for suggesting the less ambiguous alternative for using that parameter.
First, the business must be independent: For that matter, a subsidiary or a branch can’t be considering as independent business. Second, the business is not dominant in the industry it’s operating in: Part of ’Monopolistic Competition’ definition can be used to characterize the parameter – There are many sellers and they believe that their actions will not materially affect their competitors. Third, firm size (number of employees): This parameter is obviously the most popular among scholars for defining small business; nonetheless its use varies dramatically. If you’re in U.S. then an employer of up to 500 employees will still be consider as small business, contrary to U.S. in Europe most countries use the limit of 50 employees to define business as small. Taking into account that across the world ninety percent of the operating businesses are employing less then 20 employees, it seems that 50 employees is a more suitable limit. Moreover, business with more than 50 employees is employing operational and managerial techniques, which become more and more similar to those of large businesses. Characterize the upper limit brings us half way; in order for us to go all the way, lower limit should be characterize as well. A rule of thumb in that regard is that business with less then five-to-ten employees don’t even have the minimum operational and managerial structure, which can be treated as small business, any business with less then five employees is inadequate for any analysis, and should be named micro-business. Fourth, firm age: The use of firm age by scholars meant to characterize the minimal period of time needed for a business in order to form some operational and managerial backbone, otherwise, there was a risk that data collected for statistical analysis wont be suitable. Biggadike (1979), supported by Miller and Camp (1985), conclude that a new venture needs in average eight years for achieving profitability. The barrier of eight years should be analyzed depending on several factors, such as the industry that the firm operates in or the initial capital raise for starting the new venture. Moreover, Biggadike based his definition on the basis of the period needed to generate profitability, which is only one among numerous measures of performance. Taking all into account, a conservative estimation will be that business can be still considering as new if the period from establishment is two-to-five years. Fifth, annual revenue: What can be considering as acceptable annual revenue for small business? In order to be able to characterize this parameter, a preliminary step of defining the industry that the business relates to must be taken. There is a substantial difference regarding the revenue in different industries. For example – Annual sales of five million dollars generate by a car dealer must be treated entirely different then when this same revenue produces by any type of consulting firm. The source of revenue is of great importance; revenue from selling goods can’t be treated as revenue from selling knowledge or labor. Subject to that remark, and for the vast majority of small businesses that operates in either manufacturing or trade (retail, wholesale) industries, annual revenue of ten million dollars can be used as proximity for characterize the upper limit. This annual revenue correlate with the upper limit of 50 employees used as characteristic for firm size.
Dr. Rami Schayek combining the academic world as a researcher and a lecturer at the ben gurion university with a fieldwork as the CEO of several small businesses coincident with coaching many other small and medium businesses. You can see more from his work at www.small-medium-business.blogspot.com
Terms: Articles may be reprinted provided content is not edited and links are kept live.
Should the constitution of California define the word “divorce” as being illegal?
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After all, we’ve got to protect marriages and make sure they stay together, so why not make sure…
We can define words in our constitution, right? Why not redefine divorce. Right now, the word means, “the ending of a marriage,” but we could amend the constitution to define it as “not possible, you have to stay married because marriage is sacred.”
Straight people, don’t stop messing up marriage by getting divorces…It’s just wrong…and kinda gross…
I believe in democracy, but I also understand that the will of the majority can insert unethical and non-democratic concepts into democracy.
In a democratic country, we kept slavery legal for hundreds of years…we kept school segregation illegal, etc.
Eventually, I look at it like this…The will of the people isn’t perfect. The will of 50% of married couples is to get divorced…obviously the marriage thing isn’t perfect. If you think that equal rights are also part of the deal with American Democracy, then you’ve got to realize that sometimes what’s legal and what’s right don’t always match up.
Not saying Californians are wrong, just need to pose the question…where do we stop? How many times have we used our democracy to continue inequality because it was “what we believed in” at the time?
TO CP: Can you show me where I even mentioned the Bible in my question?
To All…
This question is meant to be satire. Most of my friends are straight…I love straight people and have nothing against them.
Internet Marketing Explained
Posted by: | CommentsWhen you first get embroiled with online marketing you may discover there are unlimited chances for revenue. For instance, there’s the Google Cash opportunity where you simply direct the traffic clicking on your adverts to a merchant’s website and collect an affiliate commission.
Or, you could decide to build a content-rich theme site over a period of many weeks and use it to earn Adsense earnings and to earn affiliate earnings. Or you can build mini-sites for affiliate promotion. You might profit from ebay in a selection of ways. You might write an information product, or select to sell physical products. But the actuality is that each opportunity doubtless calls for you to learn more than one ability, and buy and learn more than one program. The different online marketing opportunities have their own Tools of the Trade! For every one of these tools you must research which one to use, purchase it, find out how to use it, then to put into practice. Some individual tools, for instance some of the complex software to make automated post to blocks have quite a steep learning curve, and it can genuinely take many hours simply to become acquainted with the software, and plenty more to appreciate a way to use it in the correct way. But if you are human, and interested in making money ( and why else would you be here? ) it is all too simple to be persuaded to explore other opportunities whilst you are still in the middle of making a prior opportunity work. And these people are gurus at turning-on your gluttony glands. From private experience ( me, my mates and my folks ) I think the bulk of folk who decide to dive into Net Selling but never achieve success in making a significant penny simply get bogged down with partly implemented probabilities. It needs 4 steps : Give yourself the posh of exploring the opportunities … But with a particular cutoff point, during which you commit upfront to beginning nothing and to purchasing nothing till that cutoff point is up.
You aren’t just having a look at the earnings potential of the different online marketing opportunities … You must observe the commitments re 1st time and continuing time, whether revenue is fast or slowly builds up, whether there’s out-of-pocket risk or simply time-wasted risk, are you ready to mooch to the darker side a little ( black hat SEO ) or is your nature to adhere to the straight and narrow, do you need to be working with people, or simply nameless, faceless masses? Do you have a technical nature? Do you have access to someone that does if you want help? Make the choice. Then test to see how your stomach feels about it. When it feels right, commit. Hound the selected chance to completion, where completion means you fail beyond recovery, or you achieve success in making an amount of revenue that you thought to be successful for the method. And be prepared – this frequently means facing fears, fear of minor failure ( beginning a technical area where you are an amateur ), fear of refusal ( asking others for links, knowing ninety percent will tell you no in the beginning ), and the huge one …
Fear of project failure. Your mind can play peculiar games with you …
If you move to another opening before you give this one your all, you have not actually failed, have you? Whereas if you DO give it your all and it does not work out … Then you would have to face your failure. Unless you know you have glorious discipline this suggests you don’t read email’s, newsletters, or sales pages from experts promoting products that do not relate without delay to your opportunity, and do not even read email’s, newsletters, or sales pages promoting improved versions of products that are meant to be enhancements on those products you are already using chasing your opportunity. Make what you have, work.
Even if, on completing one opportunity, you decide to go onto a 2nd or a 3rd wholly different one, doing so in this targeted demeanor means you can possibly complete 3 entire chances to a gratifying level of success before you would have achieved even one to a partial level of success if you’d been attempting all 3 simultaneously.
Web marketing is not an exception. Just as significant, you may actually have mastered the individual skills concerned in the opportunities you pursued to completion, this contrasts nicely to having only a fingertips grasp of a number of different tools and methods, as is the inescapable result if you fail to focus. In web marketing, this mastery has rewards, you can repeat your success faster.
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Intuition Zone Program.
Posted by: | CommentsMaster Your Intuition With This Definitive And Comprehensive Program – Includes Guidebook, Workbook, Additional Reports, 4 Audio MP3 Meditations – A Thorough ‘how To’ Road Map For Developing And Harnessing Your Intuition.
Intuition Zone Program.
Define the word religious fanaticism trough great religions?
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What is religious fanaticism?
Web Hosting Explained
Posted by: | CommentsSince the beginning of the World Wide Web, a lot of people have been wondering on how or where do all these pages would come from. And even if they did, a single computer may not even handle the stress of network traffic, reaching heights to millions of loggers all over the world.As to explain web hosting, it is a means on setting up network servers for one or more websites to facilitate a ‘home’ for people to visit. These servers can run data up to gigabytes of information depending on internet traffic flow.These servers can be found anywhere and they can be numerous. One computer in the house could host a website within a limited number of visitors or companies designed to host websites from here and even the rest of the world for the viewing pleasure of the same world.People with particular hobbies and clubs can set up a website using their own computer just as long as it can handle the network traffic and the connection speed can keep up. Businesses are the biggest consumers of web hosting companies, as it allows affordable fees to create websites base on goods or services provided. Even some websites offer free hosting for anyone who wants to put up a website, allowing that advertising has to be present in order to keep it free.This explanation on web hosting is pretty much the tip of the iceberg, as there are more ways in putting up a website and making it even more elaborate.
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How To Win At Bowling.
Posted by: | CommentsLets Go Bowling! Thats Become The Rallying Cry Of Almost Thirty Million Americans Throughout The United States. This Book Is The Definitive Guide To Mastering One Of Americas Most Loved Sports.
How To Win At Bowling.
What Is An Entrepreneur/To Define an Entrepreneur/
Posted by: | CommentsHi everyone my name is Laurie I like my friends to call me Laura,and at the age of 30 yr I just learned to read. A whole new world open before my eyes,being disable and having no skills to back me I decide to put my computer to work for myself,I have been doing online Marketing research now since Oct,of 2006, some of my research include-e-mail,marketing,- affiliate marketing,-traffic exchanges,-website promotion and content,-article marketing,-auto-responders,- blogging. just to name some it is my believe that if you have to motivation and drive no mater what you to can be successful.